fix: port AudioRing reader-detects-lap fix to desktop client

Same fix as Android (4af7c5f): writer never touches read_pos,
reader self-corrects when lapped. Power-of-2 capacity (16384),
bitmask indexing, overflow/underrun counters.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

crates/wzp-client/src/audio_ring.rs

@@ -1,89 +1,122 @@
-//! Lock-free SPSC ring buffer for audio PCM transfer between
-//! CPAL audio callbacks and the Rust engine.
+//! Lock-free SPSC ring buffer — "Reader-Detects-Lap" architecture.
 //!
-//! Identical design to wzp-android's audio_ring: the producer writes and
-//! advances a write cursor, the consumer reads and advances a read cursor.
-//! Both cursors are atomic — no mutex, no blocking on the audio thread.
+//! SPSC invariant: the producer ONLY writes `write_pos`, the consumer
+//! ONLY writes `read_pos`.  Neither thread touches the other's cursor.
+//!
+//! On overflow (writer laps the reader), the writer simply overwrites
+//! old buffer data.  The reader detects the lap via `available() >
+//! RING_CAPACITY` and snaps its own `read_pos` forward.
+//!
+//! Capacity is a power of 2 for bitmask indexing (no modulo).
 
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 
-/// Ring buffer capacity in i16 samples.
-/// 960 samples * 10 frames = ~200ms of audio at 48kHz mono.
-const RING_CAPACITY: usize = 960 * 10;
+/// Ring buffer capacity — power of 2 for bitmask indexing.
+/// 16384 samples = 341.3ms at 48kHz mono.
+const RING_CAPACITY: usize = 16384; // 2^14
+const RING_MASK: usize = RING_CAPACITY - 1;
 
 /// Lock-free single-producer single-consumer ring buffer for i16 PCM samples.
 pub struct AudioRing {
     buf: Box<[i16; RING_CAPACITY]>,
+    /// Monotonically increasing write cursor. ONLY written by producer.
     write_pos: AtomicUsize,
+    /// Monotonically increasing read cursor. ONLY written by consumer.
     read_pos: AtomicUsize,
+    /// Incremented by reader when it detects it was lapped (overflow).
+    overflow_count: AtomicU64,
+    /// Incremented by reader when ring is empty (underrun).
+    underrun_count: AtomicU64,
 }
 
-// SAFETY: AudioRing is designed for SPSC — one thread writes, one reads.
-// The atomics ensure visibility. The buffer itself is never accessed
-// from the same index by both threads simultaneously because the
-// producer only writes to positions between write_pos and read_pos,
-// and the consumer only reads from positions between read_pos and write_pos.
+// SAFETY: AudioRing is SPSC — one thread writes (producer), one reads (consumer).
+// The producer only writes write_pos. The consumer only writes read_pos.
+// Neither thread writes the other's cursor. Buffer indices are derived from
+// the owning thread's cursor, ensuring no concurrent access to the same index.
 unsafe impl Send for AudioRing {}
 unsafe impl Sync for AudioRing {}
 
 impl AudioRing {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
+        debug_assert!(RING_CAPACITY.is_power_of_two());
         Self {
             buf: Box::new([0i16; RING_CAPACITY]),
             write_pos: AtomicUsize::new(0),
             read_pos: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+            overflow_count: AtomicU64::new(0),
+            underrun_count: AtomicU64::new(0),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Number of samples available to read.
+    /// Number of samples available to read (clamped to capacity).
     pub fn available(&self) -> usize {
         let w = self.write_pos.load(Ordering::Acquire);
-        let r = self.read_pos.load(Ordering::Acquire);
-        w.wrapping_sub(r)
+        let r = self.read_pos.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        w.wrapping_sub(r).min(RING_CAPACITY)
     }
 
     /// Write samples into the ring. Returns number of samples written.
-    /// Drops oldest samples if the ring is full.
+    ///
+    /// If the ring is full, old data is silently overwritten.  The reader
+    /// will detect the lap and self-correct.  The writer NEVER touches
+    /// `read_pos`.
     pub fn write(&self, samples: &[i16]) -> usize {
-        let w = self.write_pos.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
         let count = samples.len().min(RING_CAPACITY);
+        let w = self.write_pos.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
 
         for i in 0..count {
-            let idx = (w + i) % RING_CAPACITY;
             unsafe {
                 let ptr = self.buf.as_ptr() as *mut i16;
-                *ptr.add(idx) = samples[i];
+                *ptr.add((w + i) & RING_MASK) = samples[i];
             }
         }
 
         self.write_pos
             .store(w.wrapping_add(count), Ordering::Release);
-
-        // If we overwrote unread data, advance read_pos
-        if self.available() > RING_CAPACITY {
-            let new_read = self
-                .write_pos
-                .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
-                .wrapping_sub(RING_CAPACITY);
-            self.read_pos.store(new_read, Ordering::Release);
-        }
-
         count
     }
 
     /// Read samples from the ring into `out`. Returns number of samples read.
+    ///
+    /// If the writer has lapped the reader (overflow), `read_pos` is snapped
+    /// forward to the oldest valid data.
     pub fn read(&self, out: &mut [i16]) -> usize {
-        let avail = self.available();
-        let count = out.len().min(avail);
+        let w = self.write_pos.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+        let mut r = self.read_pos.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+        let mut avail = w.wrapping_sub(r);
+
+        // Lap detection: writer has overwritten our unread data.
+        if avail > RING_CAPACITY {
+            r = w.wrapping_sub(RING_CAPACITY);
+            avail = RING_CAPACITY;
+            self.overflow_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+
+        let count = out.len().min(avail);
+        if count == 0 {
+            if w == r {
+                self.underrun_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
 
-        let r = self.read_pos.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
         for i in 0..count {
-            let idx = (r + i) % RING_CAPACITY;
-            out[i] = unsafe { *self.buf.as_ptr().add(idx) };
+            out[i] = unsafe { *self.buf.as_ptr().add((r + i) & RING_MASK) };
         }
 
         self.read_pos
             .store(r.wrapping_add(count), Ordering::Release);
         count
     }
+
+    /// Number of overflow events (reader was lapped by writer).
+    pub fn overflow_count(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.overflow_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    /// Number of underrun events (reader found empty buffer).
+    pub fn underrun_count(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.underrun_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
 }