---
title: User
tags: [data-model, mongoose]
aliases: [User Model, IUser, Account]
---

# User

> **Last updated:** 2026-05-29 — aligned with code (see [Doc vs Code Audit Report](../09%20-%20Audits/Doc%20vs%20Code%20Audit%20Report%20-%202026-05-29.md))

The core identity document for every actor in the marketplace: buyers, sellers, and admins. Stores credentials (password + WebAuthn passkeys), profile/preference data, referral bookkeeping, point balances, and a soft-delete status flag. Almost every other model carries an `ObjectId` reference back to `User`, so this collection is the relational hub of the system.

> [!note] Source
> `backend/src/models/User.ts:70` — schema definition
> `backend/src/models/User.ts:257` — model export

> [!note] Email change re-verification
> When a profile update (`PUT /api/user/profile`, `userController.updateUserProfile`) changes `email` to a new value, the controller sets `isEmailVerified = false`, generates a **6-digit** `emailVerificationCode` (valid 15 minutes), stores it on `emailVerificationCode` / `emailVerificationCodeExpires`, and emails the code to the new address. The user must then confirm via `POST /api/user/profile/email/verify` (or request a new code with `POST /api/user/profile/email/resend-verification`).

> [!note] Wallet ownership proof
> `PATCH /api/user/wallet-address` accepts both EVM and TON wallets. EVM addresses require an EIP-191 signature (`ethers.verifyMessage`); TON addresses are format-validated and may include an optional TonProof. A successful proof sets `profile.walletProofVerified = true` and `profile.walletProofTimestamp`.

## Schema

| Field | Type | Required | Default | Validation | Index | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `email` | String | no | — | lowercase, trim | unique, sparse | Primary email login identifier. Nullable for Telegram-only accounts. |
| `password` | String | no | — | minlength 6 | — | Hashed password. Optional to support passkey-only, Google, and Telegram accounts. |
| `firstName` | String | no | `"کاربر"` | trim | — | Persian default ("user"). |
| `lastName` | String | no | `"جدید"` | trim | — | Persian default ("new"). |
| `role` | String | yes | `"buyer"` | enum: `admin` / `buyer` / `seller` / `resolver` | yes | Authorisation tier. `resolver` was added in commit `fce8a19` — can view and resolve disputes, and bypass chat membership checks, but has no other admin privileges. |
| `isEmailVerified` | Boolean | no | `false` | — | — | Set to true after the email verification code is consumed. ⚠️ Changing the email via `PUT /api/user/profile` **resets this to `false`** and dispatches a fresh **6-digit** verification code to the new address (see Email verification note below). |
| `authProvider` | String | yes | `"email"` | enum: `email` / `google` / `telegram` | yes | Provider used to create the account. Existing email/password accounts remain `email`; Telegram-only users are `telegram`. |
| `telegramVerified` | Boolean | no | `false` | — | — | Set when Telegram identity has been signature-verified and linked through `TelegramLink`. |
| `emailVerificationToken` | String | no | — | — | — | Legacy token-based email verification. |
| `emailVerificationCode` | String | no | — | — | — | OTP code for email verification. |
| `emailVerificationCodeExpires` | Date | no | — | — | — | Expiry for `emailVerificationCode`. |
| `passwordResetToken` | String | no | — | — | — | Token for reset link flow. |
| `passwordResetExpires` | Date | no | — | — | — | Expiry of `passwordResetToken`. |
| `passwordResetCode` | String | no | — | — | — | OTP reset code. |
| `passwordResetCodeExpires` | Date | no | — | — | — | Expiry for OTP reset code. |
| `passkeys[]` | Subdocument array | no | `[]` | — | — | WebAuthn credentials (see below). |
| `passkeys[].id` | String | yes | — | — | — | Credential ID. |
| `passkeys[].publicKey` | String | yes | — | — | — | Stored public key. |
| `passkeys[].counter` | Number | yes | `0` | — | — | Signature counter. |
| `passkeys[].deviceType` | String | yes | — | enum: `platform` / `cross-platform` | — | Authenticator class. |
| `passkeys[].deviceName` | String | no | — | — | — | Optional human label. |
| `passkeys[].createdAt` | Date | no | `Date.now` | — | — | Registration timestamp. |
| `profile.avatar` | String | no | — | — | — | Avatar URL. |
| `profile.photoURL` | String | no | — | — | — | Alternative photo URL. |
| `profile.phone` | String | no | — | — | — | Contact phone. |
| `profile.address.street` | String | no | — | — | — | Inline address (separate from [[Address]] book). |
| `profile.address.city` | String | no | — | — | — | — |
| `profile.address.state` | String | no | — | — | — | — |
| `profile.address.zipCode` | String | no | — | — | — | — |
| `profile.address.country` | String | no | — | — | — | — |
| `profile.bio` | String | no | — | — | — | Free-form bio. |
| `profile.website` | String | no | — | — | — | Personal website URL. |
| `profile.walletAddress` | String | no | — | — | — | On-chain wallet address (EVM `0x…` or TON). Set via `PATCH /api/user/wallet-address`. |
| `profile.walletType` | String | no | — | enum: `evm` / `ton` | — | Which chain family the stored `walletAddress` belongs to. |
| `profile.walletProvider` | String | no | — | — | — | Wallet provider label (e.g. `evm`, `telegram-wallet`). Defaults to `telegram-wallet` for TON, `evm` otherwise. |
| `profile.walletProofVerified` | Boolean | no | — | — | — | True when ownership was proven — EIP-191 signature for EVM, or a verified TonProof for TON. |
| `profile.walletProofTimestamp` | Date | no | — | — | — | When the wallet proof was last verified (only set when `walletProofVerified` is true). |
| `profile.isPublic` | Boolean | no | `false` | — | — | Whether the profile is publicly visible. |
| `preferences.language` | String | no | `"en"` | — | — | UI language. |
| `preferences.currency` | String | no | `"USD"` | — | — | Display currency. |
| `preferences.notifications.email` | Boolean | no | `true` | — | — | Opt-in for email notifications. |
| `preferences.notifications.sms` | Boolean | no | `false` | — | — | Opt-in for SMS notifications. |
| `preferences.notifications.push` | Boolean | no | `true` | — | — | Opt-in for push notifications. |
| `status` | String | no | `"active"` | enum: `active` / `suspended` / `deleted` | yes | Soft-delete and moderation flag. |
| `lastLoginAt` | Date | no | — | — | — | Updated by auth middleware. |
| `refreshTokens[]` | String[] | no | `[]` | — | — | Array of currently active JWT refresh tokens. ⚠️ Reset to `[]` on password change and on password reset, which invalidates every outstanding session and forces re-login everywhere. |
| `referralCode` | String | no | — | — | unique, sparse | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts` — planned for referral programme. |
| `referredBy` | ObjectId → User | no | — | — | yes | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts` — planned for referral programme. |
| `points.total` | Number | no | `0` | — | — | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts` — planned for loyalty system. |
| `points.available` | Number | no | `0` | — | — | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts`. |
| `points.used` | Number | no | `0` | — | — | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts`. |
| `points.level` | Number | no | `1` | — | yes (`points.level`) | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts` — planned for [[LevelConfig]] lookup. |
| `referralStats.totalReferrals` | Number | no | `0` | — | — | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts`. |
| `referralStats.activeReferrals` | Number | no | `0` | — | — | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts`. |
| `referralStats.totalEarned` | Number | no | `0` | — | — | **Not yet implemented** in `User.ts`. |
| `createdAt` | Date | auto | — | — | — | Mongoose timestamp. |
| `updatedAt` | Date | auto | — | — | — | Mongoose timestamp. |

## Virtuals

| Virtual | Returns | Definition |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `fullName` | `${firstName} ${lastName}` | `backend/src/models/User.ts:238` |

## Indexes

Defined explicitly:

- `{ email: 1 }` unique sparse — allows multiple Telegram-only users without email while preserving uniqueness for email-bearing users.
- `{ role: 1 }` — `backend/src/models/User.ts:178`
- `{ status: 1 }` — `backend/src/models/User.ts:179`
- `{ authProvider: 1 }` — supports provider-level account reporting and cleanup.

> [!warning] Missing indexes
> The schema currently defines only `role` and `status` indexes. The `referralCode`, `referredBy`, and `points.level` indexes documented below are **not yet present** in `User.ts`:

## Pre/Post Hooks

None declared at the schema level.

## Instance Methods

| Signature | Purpose |
| --- | --- |
| `toJSON(): object` | Strips `password`, `refreshTokens`, all `emailVerification*` and `passwordReset*` fields before serialisation. Defined at `backend/src/models/User.ts:243`. |

## Static Methods

None defined on the schema.

## Relationships

- **References**: [[User]] (self, via `referredBy`).
- **Referenced by**: [[PurchaseRequest]] (`buyerId`, `preferredSellerIds`, `deliveryInfo.deliveryCodeUsedBy`, `deliveryInfo.deliveryAttempts[].sellerId`), [[SellerOffer]] (`sellerId`), [[Payment]] (`buyerId`, `sellerId`), [[Chat]] (`participants[].userId`, `messages[].senderId`, `metadata.createdBy`), [[Notification]] (`userId` as string), [[RequestTemplate]] (`sellerId`), [[Dispute]] (`buyerId`, `sellerId`, `adminId`), [[BlogPost]] (`author.id`), [[Address]] (`userId`), [[Review]] (`sellerId`, `reviewerId`), [[PointTransaction]] (`user`, `referredUser`), [[ShopSettings]] (`sellerId`).

## State Transitions

```mermaid
stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> active : signup verified
    active --> suspended : admin action
    suspended --> active : admin restore
    active --> deleted : self-delete
    suspended --> deleted : admin purge
    deleted --> [*]
```

## Common Queries

```ts
// Find by email (login)
User.findOne({ email: email.toLowerCase() });

// Active sellers
User.find({ role: 'seller', status: 'active' });

// Validate referral
User.findOne({ referralCode: code });

// Leaderboard by points
User.find({ status: 'active' }).sort({ 'points.total': -1 }).limit(10);

// Promote level
User.updateOne({ _id: id }, { $set: { 'points.level': newLevel } });
```

Related: [[TempVerification]], [[LevelConfig]], [[PointTransaction]], [[ShopSettings]].