diff --git a/android/app/src/main/java/com/wzp/audio/AudioPipeline.kt b/android/app/src/main/java/com/wzp/audio/AudioPipeline.kt
index 363b3c4..9223e50 100644
--- a/android/app/src/main/java/com/wzp/audio/AudioPipeline.kt
+++ b/android/app/src/main/java/com/wzp/audio/AudioPipeline.kt
@@ -205,8 +205,6 @@ class AudioPipeline(private val context: Context) {
         Log.i(TAG, "capture started: ${SAMPLE_RATE}Hz mono, buf=$bufSize, aec=${aec?.enabled}, ns=${ns?.enabled}")
 
         val pcm = ShortArray(FRAME_SAMPLES)
-        // DirectByteBuffer for zero-copy JNI (avoids ART GC SIGBUS on Android 16)
-        val directBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(FRAME_SAMPLES * 2).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN)
         // Debug: PCM file + RMS CSV
         var pcmOut: BufferedOutputStream? = null
         var rmsCsv: OutputStreamWriter? = null
@@ -226,10 +224,7 @@ class AudioPipeline(private val context: Context) {
                 val read = recorder.read(pcm, 0, FRAME_SAMPLES)
                 if (read > 0) {
                     applyGain(pcm, read, captureGainDb)
-                    // Zero-copy write via DirectByteBuffer (no GC array interaction)
-                    directBuf.clear()
-                    directBuf.asShortBuffer().put(pcm, 0, read)
-                    engine.writeAudioDirect(directBuf, read)
+                    engine.writeAudio(pcm)
 
                     // Debug: write raw PCM + RMS
                     if (pcmOut != null) {
@@ -292,8 +287,6 @@ class AudioPipeline(private val context: Context) {
 
         val pcm = ShortArray(FRAME_SAMPLES)
         val silence = ShortArray(FRAME_SAMPLES)
-        // DirectByteBuffer for zero-copy JNI (avoids ART GC SIGBUS on Android 16)
-        val directBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(FRAME_SAMPLES * 2).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN)
         // Debug: PCM file + RMS CSV for playout
         var pcmOut: BufferedOutputStream? = null
         var rmsCsv: OutputStreamWriter? = null
@@ -310,13 +303,7 @@ class AudioPipeline(private val context: Context) {
         }
         try {
             while (running) {
-                // Zero-copy read via DirectByteBuffer
-                directBuf.clear()
-                val read = engine.readAudioDirect(directBuf, FRAME_SAMPLES)
-                if (read > 0) {
-                    directBuf.rewind()
-                    directBuf.asShortBuffer().get(pcm, 0, read)
-                }
+                val read = engine.readAudio(pcm)
                 if (read >= FRAME_SAMPLES) {
                     applyGain(pcm, read, playoutGainDb)
                     track.write(pcm, 0, read)